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Nocturne in C-sharp minor, Op. posth. (Chopin)
The Nocturne No. 20 in C-sharp minor, Op. posth., ''Lento con gran espressione'', P 1, No. 16, KKIVa/16, is a solo-piano piece composed by Frédéric Chopin in the Romantic Period in 1830.
Chopin dedicated this work to his older sister, Ludwika Chopin, with the statement: "To my sister Ludwika as an exercise before beginning the study of my second Concerto".〔(Narodowy Instytut Fryderyka Chopina )〕 First published 26 years after the composer's death, the piece is usually referred to as ''Lento con gran espressione'', from its tempo marking. It is sometimes also called ''Reminiscence''.〔http://en.chopin.nifc.pl/chopin/manuscripts/detail/id/250〕〔http://www.amazon.ca/Nocturnes-Comp-Fryderyk-Chopin/dp/B000001GPN〕 The piece was famously played by Holocaust survivor Natalia Karp for the Nazi concentration camp commandant Amon Goeth, with Goeth being so impressed with the rendition, that he spared Karp's life.〔Charters, David. "Natalia Karp". LiverpoolDailyPost.co.uk. http://www.liverpooldailypost.co.uk/views/obituaries/2007/07/13/natalia-karp-64375-19447972/. Retrieved 2008-04-02.〕
==Musical structure==
The composition is marked ''Lento con gran espressione'' and is written in common time. After a soft, sad introduction, the main theme starts at bar 5, with the left hand playing broken chords in portamento slurs throughout the section, imparting a haunting and continuous quality to the music. The theme then shifts to a dreamy pianissimo in bar 21, before returning to the original theme in bar 47, and finally concluding with a Picardy third. The first two bars of the theme from the middle section (bars 21 and 22), resemble the main theme from the third movement of his own second piano concerto in F minor which was composed around the same time (1830). The next two bars (bars 23 and 24) resemble the second part of the secondary theme of the first movement from his second piano concerto. The passage in the middle section of the nocturne in 3/4 time starting in bar 33 resembles the scherzando section of the third movement of the second piano concerto starting in bar 145 in which the left and right hand are playing an octave apart.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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